英语应试模拟第1套 Ⅰ．Phonetics(5 points) Directions：In each of the following groups of words，there are four underlined letters or letter combinations marked A，B，C and D．Compare the underline：!parts and identify the one that is different from the others in pronunciation． Mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet． 1．A．however B．narrow C.shallow D.snowy 2．A．adverb B．birthday C.curtain D.cigar 3．A．receipt B．reception C.psychological D.psychology 4．A．area B．appeal C.bacteria D.cafeteria 5．A．naked B．complicated C.snowboarded D.described Ⅱ．Vocabulary and Structure(15 points) Directions：There are l5 incomplete sentences in this section．For each sentence there are four choices marked A，B，C and D．Choose one answer that best completes the sentence and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet． 6．I like the clouds at sunset because it seems relaxing A．watch B．to watch C．watched D．watching 7．Unless you work hard you your test. A．will pass B．will not pass C．would pass D．would not pass 8．Do earthquakes often in North America? A．break B．break out C．happen to D．occur 9．Nowhere else in the world more friendly people than in this small town. A．you might find B．you will find C．can you find D．should you find 10．It looks the family has got a lot of problems. A．as long as B．as if C．while D．though 11．You may think you know the answer but you don’t， ? A. don't you B. may you C. may not you D. do you 12. I've worked here since I Harvard Business School. A. leave B. left C. have left D. had left 13. -- Would you prefer tea or coffee? -- I have some coffee, please. A. will B. am going to C. am about D. would 14. -- How much sugar is left? A. None B. Nothing C. Not many D. Few 15. You see the doctor if that back ache persists. A. better B. better have C. have better D. had better 16. Please fill this online application form. A. up B. on C. out D. with 17. -- I've never seen that movie. have I. A. So B. Either C. Neither D. Too 18. -- do you play tennis? -- Twice a month. A. When B. What C. How often D. How 19. He that he was going to visit his sister in Ohio. A. said B. talked C. told D. spoke 20. explores the nature of guilt and responsibility and builds to a remarkable conclusion. A. The written beautifully novel B. The beautifully written novel C. The novel beautifully written D. The written novel beautifully Ⅲ. Cloze (30 points) Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that is most suitable and mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. Hawaii, the youngest state of the United States, is different in many ways from the mainland states. The Hawaiian people are a mixture of the 21 Hawaiians and many immigrants who arrived 22 When the first pineapple plantations 23 in Hawaii in the 1900's, there were not enough people living on the islands to do all the work. 24 more came: the Chinese, Japanese, and the Portuguese were the main groups. For many years, Hawaiian customs were looked down on or 25 Now there is new pride in the old ways. Children are learning the 26 language and the traditional songs and dances. At the University of Hawaii there is a great deal of interest in the history of the islands and the culture of the27 Visitors to the islands 28 to see the island paradise as it 29 to be. Large numbers of tourists from the Mainland 30 in Hawaii daily. Signs of modern tourism are 31 Honolulu and its suburbs, a quiet area of about 250,000 thirty years 32 , is now a crowded area of 800,000 residents and 33 As you drive around the island of Oahu, you can find some of the beaches are closed 34 the public, and more and more tourist resorts are being built in areas that were unspoiled. Hawaiians35 about what will happen to the old way of life. 21. A. local B. original C. folk D. migratory 22. A. later B. first C. earlier D. last 23. A. planted B. would plant C. were being planted D. had been planted 24. A. When B. That C. So D. Though 25. A. respected B. admired C. damaged D. ignored 26. A. Chinese B. Hawaiian C. Japanese D. Portuguese 27. A. past B. today C. America D. other countries 28. A. enjoy B. willing C. want D. are like 29. A. are used B. was C. used D. would 30. A. approach B. arrive C. reach D. stay 31. A. somewhere B. anywhere C. nowhere D. everywhere 32. A. before B. ago C. over D. near 33. A. tourists B. immigrants C. people D. crowds 34. A. for B. from C. toward D. to 35. A. wonder B. think C. puzzle D. worry IV. Reading Comprehension (60 points) Directions: There are five reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by four questions. For each question there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose one best answer and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. Passage One Man's story in China began many thousands of years ago. Remains of an early form of man discovered in China, known as Peking Man, indicate that Stone Age men lived in the area as long as 500,000 years ago. During the centuries that followed, theirdescendantslaid the foundations of civilization in China. Throughout its history, China has been a rich source of inventions. Silk, the compass, tea and porcelain originated there. In addition, they are responsible for the invention of paper and printing. The Chinese had used ink as early as 1 200 B. C. , an excellent type which they made from lampblack and which is known in English as India ink or China ink. By the end of the first century A. D. , the Chinese had invented paper. The Chinese also invented printing. Early Chinese printing is called block printing. The printer carved raised characters on a block of wood, wet the surface of the characters with ink, and pressed sheets of paper against them. Printers in the 11th century went on to invent movable type of baked clay. The characters of the movable type could be rearranged to form different words and thus be used over and over again. The Chinese alphabet has about 40 thousand characters. Because of the difficulty of producing so many pieces of type, most Chinese printers continued to use block printing. 36. A good synonym for the underlined word "descendants" in paragraph 1 is A. foreigners B. following generations C. enemies D. fossilized remains 37. The name of an earlier form of man found in China is A. New Stone Man B. Silk Man C. Peking Man D. India Man 38. Which type of printing is more convenient based on the passage? A. Movable type. B. Baked clay. C. Block printing. D. Wet ink. 39. This passage talks mostly about A. the landforms of China B. the people of China C. Chinese explorers D. Chinese history Passage Two American Blacks experienced a revolution after 1945, a revolution in expectations. Following World War Ⅱ , the steady movement toward first-class citizenship for Black people quickened, with significant actions taking place in courts of law, in voting booths, in restaurants and in the streets of the nation. A decade of intense civil rights activity was launched in 1954 when the United States Supreme Court declared segregated schools to be unconstitutional. In 1955, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. , effectively organized the Blacks of Atlanta, Georgia, in a bus boycott. The boycott lasted two years, and when it was over, Blacks no longer were degraded by being forced to sit or stand in the rear of buses. In 1960, a group of Black college students decided that they, as well as white persons, had the right to eat at a lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina. This sit-in sparked an aggressive national movement and, in the next few years, thousands of young men and women--Black and White, North and South--overturned local laws and customs that had maintained segregation. Sit-ins, pray-ins, freedom rides, freedom marches and demonstrations to open all schools to Black children took place across the nation. 40. Several important actions took place to change the status of black people A. after World War Ⅱ B. in 1954 C. before 1945 D. in 1960 41. In which city was the bus boycott organized? A. Georgia. B. Greensboro. C. North Carolina. D. Atlanta. 42. Who are the first to make the success of sit-in become true? A. Black college students and whites. B. First-class citizens. C. The Blacks of Atlanta. D. Young men and women in Greensboro. 43. The best title for this passage could be A. Black History B. Educational Opportunities for Blacks C. The Fight for Equality D. Civil Rights Workers of the '60s Passage Three People often speak of fire as though it were a living creature--It grows, dances, needs oxygen, feeds on whatever it can find, and then dies. And when a forest fire rages out of control, threatening human lives and homes, it must be fought like a "wild animal. " The fight is often desperate, since firefighters' hest efforts may be dwarfed by the fury of a large fire. But the fire's own traits can be used against it. The heated air above a fire rises in a pillar of smoke and burnt gases, pulling fresh air in from the sides to replace it. Firefighters use this fact when they "fight fire with fire. " They start a fire well in front of the one which they are fighting. Instead of traveling on in front of the huge fire, the smaller fire is pulled back toward it by the updrafts of the larger blaze. As it travels back to meet the large fire, the smaller backfire burns away the fuel that the forest fire needs to survive. Even when a backfire has been well set, however, the fire may still win the struggle. The wind which the firefighters used to help them may now become their enemy. When the backfire meets the main fire, before both die for lack of fuel, there is tremendous flame, great heat and wild winds. A strong gust may blow the fire into the treetops beyond the area, giving the fire new fuel and a new life. 44. This passage focuses on A. how fires start B. damage caused by fire C. the fascination of fire D. fighting forest fires 45. A backfire is started A. behind a forest fire B. ahead of a forest fire C. on the sides of a forest fire D. all around a forest fire 46. This passage suggests that a fire will travel A. faster than a horse can run B. in all directions at the same speed C. in whatever direction the wind is blowing D. toward the nearest source of fuel 47. In the last paragraph, the writer again refers to the fire as a living creature by saying that it A. can be blown around by the wind B. dwarfs man's best efforts C. heats the air above it D. may still win the struggle Passage Four When Abraham Lincoln was a lawyer in rural Illinois, he and a certain judge in town once got to bantering with one another about horse trading. The upshot of the discussion was that they agreed that the next morning, at nine o'clock, they would meet in front of the general store and make a trade. Each would bring a horse, unseen by anyone up to that hour. If either backed out of the deal, he would forfeit $25. The money from each man was held by the local banker. The next morning, at the appointed hour, the Judge, came up the dirt road, leading the sorriest looking specimen of a horse ever seen in those parts of Illinois. The large crowd viewing the spectacle burst out laughing, already knowing that Abe Lincoln was bound to get the worst of the deal. A poorer horse just couldn't exist anywhere and still be walking. In a few minutes, however, Mr. Lincoln was seen approaching the general store carrying something quite large and bulky on his shoulders. As he drew nearer, the crowd saw what it was, and great shouts and laughter broke out. The shouts and laughter soon broke into a thunderous roar when Mr. Lincoln, looking carefully and seriously over the Judge's animal, set down his sawhorse (锯木架) , and exclaimed, "Well, Judge, this is the first time I ever got the worst of it in a horse trade. " 48. This passage concerns A. the life of Abe Lincoln B. a horse trade made by Abe Lincoln C. a gambling in Illinois D. Abe Lincoln's philosophy 49. It is evident that neither Lincoln nor the Judge was A. serious about their agreement B. a native of Illinois C. very knowledgeable about horses D. in the mood for jokes 50. This passage attempts to arouse A. outrage B. tears C. sympathy D. laughter 51. A person who banters is A. singing B. insulting C. joking D. deceiving Passage Five Shoes are outer coverings for the foot. They have soles, and most have heels. The upper part of most shoes extend no higher than the ankle. Boots are footwear that reach beyond the ankle. People wear shoes to protect their feet from harsh weather, sharp objects, and uncomfortable surfaces. Shoes are also an important part of people's clothing. As a result, fashion often determines the style of shoes that individuals wear. The desire to be fashionable has led to many unusual shoe styles. In the 1300's, many European men wore shoes called crackowes, which had an extremely long toe. From the 1300's to the 1700's, some European women wore shoes with really thick soles causing walking to be virtually impossible without support. Shoes once worn in the Orient were connected to a stilt(高跷) as high as six inches. Traditionally, most shoes are made of leather. But many other materials are now used. Including canvas, velvet, and synthetic substances such as plastics. Footwear materials and style vary somewhat, depending on climate, custom, or other differences. Farmers in Netherlands often wear heavy wooden shoes that protect their feet from the damp environment while Japanese wear shoes outside their home but prefer soft slippers at home. In fact, people in some regions often wear foot coverings other than shoes. Some wear sandals during the hot summer and switch to warm boots for the cold winter. 52. What is the main topic of the passage? A. The history of the shoes. B. Shoes around the world. C. The definition of shoes. D. Shoes and fashion. 53. What can be inferred from the passage about different types of shoes? A. Boots are defined to be higher than shoes. B. People in the 1300's to 1700's like to wear uncomfortable shoes. C. People in Japan do not like to wear shoes. D. History has proven that the best shoes are made of leather. 54. According to the passage, what is the main reason for people to wear shoes? A. To look fashionable. B. To feel comfortable. C. Because everyone else wears them. D. To protect their feet. 55. What is a type of shoes that is mentioned in the passage? A. Slippers. B. Sandals. C. Soles. D. Crackowes. V. Daily Conversation (15 points) Directions: Pick out five appropriate expressions from the eight choices below and complete the following dialogue by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. A. Where have you been B. What do you do C. An interesting place D. a part-time job E. And what do you do F. been there G. That sounds interesting H. Which restaurant Jason: Where do you work, Andrea? Andrea: I work for Thomas Cook Travel. Jason: Oh, really? 56 there? Andrea: I'm a guide. I take people on tours to countries in South America, like Peru. Jason : 57 ! Andrea: Yes, it's a great job. I love it. 58 ? Jason: I'm a student, and I have 59 , too. Andrea: Oh? Where do you work? Jason: In a fast-food restaurant. Andrea: 60 ? Jason: Hamburger Heaven. Ⅵ．Writing(25 points) Directions：For this part，you are supposed to write a letter in English in l00-120 words based on the following situation．Remember to write it clearly． 61．你(Li Yuan)的一个朋友准备出院，写封信表示宽慰，并鼓励他／她。其内容如下： (1)如何得知的消息； (2)对他／她的出院表示高兴； (3)提供帮助。 英语应试模拟第1套参考答案与解析 Ⅰ．Phonetics 【答案】 1．A 2．D 3．B 4．B 5．D 【解析】 1．选项A画线字母读 2．选项D画线字母读 3．选项B画线字母读 4．选项B画线字母读 5．选项D画线字母读 Ⅱ．Vocabulary and Structure 【答案】 6．D 7．B 8．D 9．C l0．B ll．D l2．B l3．A l4．A l5．D l6．C l7．C 18．C l9．A 20．B 【解析】 6．Like doing sth表示喜欢做某事。Like后要求跟动词的-ing形式。选项D是正确的。【句子大意】我喜欢在太阳西下时观赏浮云，因为它让人感到放松。 7．Unless引导的条件从句用的是一般现在时，表明是对现在事实的推测，主句应当用一般将来时。根据题意，应当选择否定式，选项B是正确的。【句子大意】你考试是不会及格的，除非你努力学习。(除非你努力学习，否则你考试过不了。) 8．地震的发生用动词occur，选项D是正确的。【句子大意】北美经常发生地震吗? 9．以否定词起始的句子其主谓应倒装，排除选项A和B。Can表示能够，should表示应该。 按句子的含义，应为能够。选项C是正确的。【句子大意】世界上没有其他任何地方能够比这个小镇找到更多的好心人。 10．As long as长达，as if似乎，while当……时候，though尽管、虽然。根据题意，选项B是正确的。【句子大意】看起来，这个家庭有很多问题。 11．反义疑问句。找出陈述句中真正被反问的，看其是否定还是肯定，反问部分与其相反。此句中真正被反问的是you don’t，是否定的，因此反问部分应是肯定的。陈述部分用动词do，反问部分也应用动词do。选项D是正确的。【句子大意】你可能认为你知道答案，但其实你不知道，对吧? 12．Since前如果谓语动词为现在完成时，since后谓语动词为一般过去时。选项B是正确的。【句子大意】自从我离开哈佛商学院就一直在这儿工作。 13．Will表示不是计划好的将要发生的动作。Be going to表示计划好的要发生的动作。选项A是正确的。【句子大意】你想来点儿茶还是咖啡?咖啡吧。 14．Sugar是不可数名词，排除选项C和D。Nothing意为什么都不是。选项A是正确的。 【句子大意】还剩多少糖?一点儿都没了。 15．Had better最好……，选项D是正确的。【句子大意】如果背还在持续地痛，你最好去看医生。 16．Fill up填满，fill with装满，fill out填写。选项C是正确的。【句子大意】请填写网上申请表。 17．对话中的第一句是否定的。要表示同样否定的含义应用neither。选项C是正确的。【句子大意】我从来没看过那部电影。我也没看过。 18．表示频率的特殊疑问句。How often多长时间，选项C是正确的。【句子大意】你多长时间打一次网球?一个月两次。 19．Said说，talked谈论，told告诉，spoke演讲。选项A是正确的。【句子大意】他说他准备去俄亥俄州看他的姐姐。 20．形容词的顺序。先说外观再说性质。选项B是正确的。【句子大意】这部完美写作的小说，探索了罪孽和责任的本质，并给出了令人叫绝的结局。 Ⅲ．Cloze 【答案】 21．B 22．A 23．C 24．C 25．D 26．B 27．A 28．C 29．C 30．B 31．D 32．B 33．A 34．D 35．D 【解析】 21．从mixture和immigrants两词可以看出此句的意思是说，夏威夷当地的人是由两部分人组成的。一是移民，二是最初就生活在这儿的人。所以，选项B是正确的。Local当地的，也会包含移民过来的人。Folk表示民间的，不合题意。 22．Who引导定语从句，修饰它前面的名词。既然是immigrants，肯定是后来移居到这里的人。所以选项A是正确的。 23．这里考查的是语态和时态，种植园的开垦应是有人来做的，因此，语态应为被动态。按照后半句的意思，当时人手不够，说明是在做这件事的时候，应当是正在进行时。这个事件发生在过去，因此应用被动语态的过去进行时。选项C是正确的。 24．这里表示一个因果关系。上面提到人手不够，许多外国人纷纷移民来此。选项C是正确的。 25．此空前面有一个词组“瞧不起(100k down on)”，后面的一句又说如今对旧的方式又有新的自豪感(pride)。所以这里应选择与自豪相反的词，排除选项A和B。原文并未提及原有的生活方式遭到破坏，选项C排除。故选项D是正确的。 26．既然原有的方式重新受到重视，传统的歌舞也在学校里讲授，学生要学的语言肯定也是当地的语言。选项B是正确的。 27．同样，对夏威夷岛屿的历史也感兴趣了，以及这个岛屿过去的文化。此处不可能是当今的文化，也不可能是美国或其他国家的文化。这里强调的是对夏威夷过去传统文化的重新认识。选项A是正确的。 28．此空后面是to do sth。排除选项A：enjoy doing sth；此空前没有系动词，排除选项B：be willing to do sth。Be like意为“像”。选项C是正确的。 29．Be used to sth习惯于某事，used to do sth过去常常做某事，be to do sth将要做某事，would do过去将来时。这篇文章通篇讲的是夏威夷过去的传统文化如何重新受到重视。因此，这里应指的是过去常常发生的事。选项C是正确的。 30．Approach走近、靠近，arrive in／at(a place)到达某地，reach(a place)到达某地，stay短期住。选项A和D逻辑上不符。原文空后有介词in，故选项B是正确的。 31．前面说大量的旅游者涌入夏威夷，后面又说原来安静的地方现在变得很拥挤，到处都是旅游的人。可见这里应是，旅游的标志到处都是。选项D是正确的。 32．在确定的数字后，表示……以前，用ago。选项B是正确的。 33．这一段讲的是夏威夷旅游业的繁荣。这个岛屿的人口，肯定两种人相加：当地居民和旅游者。选项A是正确的。 34．表达对……关闭用close to。选项D是正确的。 35．根据上下文，对如此多的度假胜地的建设，对于沙滩的关闭，当地人很担心，不知未来的生活会是怎样的。选项D是正确的。 【原文大意】 夏威夷，这个美国最年轻的州，与大陆的其他州有很多不同的地方。夏威夷的居民是由最初的夏威夷人和后来的移民组成的。在20世纪初，人们开垦菠萝种植园时，住在这儿的人数量不够从事这项工作，所以，来了很多的人，中国人、日本人和葡萄牙人最多。 许多年来，夏威夷的习俗被瞧不起或被忽视。而如今，人们对旧的方式有了新的自豪。孩子们在学习夏威夷语，学习传统的歌舞。在夏威夷大学，夏威夷岛屿的历史和过去的文化也有人感兴趣了。 到岛上来的旅游者想看的也是岛屿伊甸园过去的样子。每天都有来自大陆的众多的旅游者进入夏威夷。现代旅游的标志到处都是。火奴鲁鲁和它的郊区在30年前是一个拥有250 000人口的安静地方。现在却成了拥有800 000居民和旅游者的拥挤的地方了。 若开车环绕瓦胡岛，你会发现许多的海滨已经停止对公众开放了。越来越多的海滨度假胜地在这块还没有遭到破坏的区域建设起来。夏威夷人担心原有的生活方式将发生变化。 Ⅳ．Reading Comprehension 第一篇 【答案】 36．B 37．C 38．C 39．D 【解析】 36．后面的“他们的”指的是前面提到的猿人，在他们“以后的世纪中”的人肯定是他们的后人。选项B是正确的。 37．第一段。在早期的人类遗址发现了人类的遗骸，称作北京人。选项C是正确的。 38．第三段。要制造如此多的一个个的方块字很困难，所以，大多数的中国印刷还是用雕版印刷。选项C是正确的。 39．从中国的猿人到中国的丝绸，再到中国的印刷，显而易见是讲的中国历史。选项D是正确的。 【原文大意】 中国的人类史开始于数千年以前。在中国发现的早期人类是北京人，证明这个地区的石器时代的人类开始于50万年前。在这之后的数世纪以后，他们的后代建立了中国文化。 整个历史表明，中国有着丰富的发明。丝绸、指南针、茶以及瓷器都源于此。另外，他们还发明了纸和印刷术。中国人用墨水的历史始于公元前l 200年。这种墨水用灯黑制成，英国人把它叫印度墨或中国墨。公元l世纪末，中国人发明了纸。 中国人还发明了印刷术。早期的中国印刷叫雕版印刷，就是把中国的方块字刻在木板上，字体突出。把表面用墨浸湿，把纸压在上面。到ll世纪又发明了活字制版印刷。这种版是用烤制的泥制作的。这种印刷可将方块字刻重新组合，因此可以反复使用。中文的方块字大约有4万，制作这么多的字很困难，因此大多数的印刷者还沿用雕版印刷。 第二篇 【答案】 40．A 41．D 42．A 43．C 【解析】 40．第一段。文章说l945年之后、二战之后，美国黑人采取了一系列的行动以改变自身的地位。选项A是正确的。选项c与事实相反，选项B和D分别是一系列运动中的一次。 41．第二段。选项D是正确的。这是马丁·路德·金领导的一次为争取黑人平等的运动，该运动是所有黑人抵制公交公司，不乘坐他们的汽车，以求得废除黑人在公共汽车内只能在后排落座或站着的制度。英文的表达习惯是城市名在前，州名在后，中间通常用逗号隔开。Atlanta，Georgia是佐治亚州亚特兰大市。同样，Greensboro，North Carolina是北卡罗来纳州，格林斯伯罗市。但这个城市开展的是另一个运动。 42．第三段。一群黑人大学生和白人大学生认为黑人与白人一样有权利在餐厅内吃饭。选项A是正确的。 43．全篇提到几次黑人为平等而战的事例，但并不是整个的黑人历史。所以，选项C是正确的。 【原文大意】 1945年之后美国黑人经历了又一次革命，是预期之内的革命。二战之后，为黑人争取上等公民权的运动加速了。其有意义的行动发生在法庭、选举站、餐厅以及国家的大街上。 10年的激烈民权活动在1 954年开始了。这一年美国最高法院宣布有种族隔离的学校是违反宪法的。1 955年，马丁·路德·金组织了佐治亚州亚特兰大市的黑人抵制公交运动。这个抵制运动持续了两年。这个运动结束时，黑人不再被迫站在或只能坐在公交车的后排了。 1960年，一群黑人大学生，也有白人，决定他们有权坐在北卡罗来纳州格林斯伯罗市的午餐柜台前。这一行动得到了全国性的响应。在以后的几年中，数千的年轻男女，包括黑人和白人，北方和南方，推翻了当地的那些种族隔离的法律和习俗。静坐抗议、祈祷抗议、自由乘坐、自由游行、所有的学校都对黑人的孩子开放等活动在全国展开了。 第三篇 【答案】 44．D 45．B 46．C 47．D 【解析】 44．第一段就提到了森林大火，接着谈及一种救森林大火的方法，继而提到彻底灭火的难度。选项D是正确的。其他选项都只是文中涉及的某个部分，过于具体。 45．第二段。In front of the huge fire表明在森林大火的前面。选项B是正确的。 46．第三段。人们可以借助风来灭火，而风也可助长火势。所以火肯定会受风的影响。选项C是正确的。 47．在第一段，作者提到火如同有生命的造物，人类与火的战斗就如同与有生命的野兽作战。最后一段，作为文章的结尾，作者又提到与野兽般的大火之战，人类不一定就是胜者。火可能是赢家，似乎火是有生命的。选项D是正确的。 【原文大意】 人们经常谈论火，似乎它是一个有生命的造物——它成长、跳舞、需要氧气、以它能找到的东西为食，然后死去。但当森林大火失去控制，威胁着人类的生命和房屋时，人们则必须与这“野兽”般的火战斗。然而，这种战斗往往是绝望的。因为大火的愤怒使得消防员们的最大努力变得相形见绌。但火自身的特点可以用来控制它。 火苗之上的热浪在烟柱和燃烧的气体中上升，把新鲜空气从两边拉入然后取代它。不过消防员正是用这个道理“以火治火”。他们在他们正在与之战斗的火的前面再燃起一把火。这个弱势的火会被巨大火苗的上升气流往后拉，而不是在火海的前面往前运动。当它往后退到强势火时，这个弱势的逆火会把森林大火赖以生存的燃料烧光。 即便逆火工作做得很好，大火仍可能赢得这场战斗。消防员本来借以用来帮忙的风此时很有可能成为敌人。当逆火与主火相遇，在两火都因缺少燃料而死亡之前，会有巨大的火苗、高温和狂暴的风。一种强有力的爆发会把火带到远离该地区的树梢上，给火提供新的燃料和新的生命。 第四篇 【答案】 48．B 49．A 50．D 51．C 【解析】 48．第一段。两人决定第二天做一笔马的交易。选项B是正确的。 49．Neither…nor两者都不……。从两个人带来的马可以知道，他们二人是在开玩笑，并不是真的做交易。选项A是正确的。 50．两个人带来的都不是正经的马。一个是奇丑无比，一个是玩文字游戏，扛来一个在英文拼写中带有“马”字的锯木架。所以，这篇文章是要引读者发笑。选项D是正确的。 51．根据文章的内容，做交易的二人并不是真的做交易，而是在开玩笑。选项c是正确的。 【原文大意】 当亚伯拉罕·林肯在伊利诺伊州的乡村当律师时，他和镇上的一个法官相互开玩笑说做一笔马的交易。双方讨论的结果是第二天早晨9点钟在大商店前面完成这笔交易。每个人都必须带匹马，这匹马必须是从来没有人见过的。如果谁放弃交易，谁就损失25美元。双方的钱由当地的银行家保管。 第二天早晨，在规定的时间，法官到了肮脏的路上，牵了一匹马，这匹马之丑陋整个伊利诺伊州的所有地方都从未见过。围观的人群立刻爆发出笑声，认为亚伯拉罕·林肯肯定处于这场交易的劣势。因为，比这还要糟糕并且仍能行走的马不可能存在。 几分钟之后，人们看到林肯先生朝着大商场走来，肩上扛着又大又笨重的东西。走近之后，人们看清了，人群爆发出了喊声和笑声，这种喊声和笑声立刻成为雷霆般的吼声。林肯先生仔细而认真地看了法官的马之后，放下自己的锯木架，解释说：“好啦，法官，这是我有生以来第一次在马交易市场中所找到的最糟糕的马。” 第五篇 【答案】 52．B 53．A 54．D 55．D 【解析】 52．虽然文章中提到l4和18世纪人们穿的鞋，但并没有讲各个历史时期的鞋，排除选项A。同样，文中提到时装，但鞋与时装并不是文章的主要焦点，排除选项D。文章的确提到世界各地不同的人的鞋。选项B是正确的。 53．第一段。靴子比鞋的帮高，高过脚腕儿。选项A是正确的。 54．第一段。人们穿鞋就是为了保护脚不受伤害。选项D是正确的。 55．根据文章，拖鞋、凉鞋都不是鞋的一种款式。选项D是正确的。 【原文大意】 鞋是脚的外罩。它有鞋底，大多数有后跟儿。大多数的鞋帮不高过脚腕儿。靴子要高过脚腕儿。人们穿鞋是为了保护自己的脚不受坏天气、尖利的物质以及不舒服的表面伤害。鞋也是人们服装中很重要的一部分。时装经常决定个体所穿鞋的款式。时髦的愿望成就了许多非同一般的鞋的款式。l4世纪，许多欧洲的男性穿着一种叫crackowes的鞋。这种鞋的鞋尖格外长。从l4到18世纪，有些欧洲妇女穿的鞋鞋底特别厚，以至于在没有帮助的情况下行走实际上都是不可能的。在东方的国家，鞋曾经与6英寸高的高跷连在一起。 传统上来说，大部分的鞋都是皮做的。现在有很多材料都可用来做鞋。包括：帆布、丝绒以及合成物，如塑料。鞋的材料及款式有所不同，这取决于气候、风俗及其他的差别。荷兰的农民因为环境潮湿经常穿很重的木鞋，而日本人则在室外穿鞋，在家穿软拖鞋。在有些地区，人们不穿鞋而只是穿裹脚布。有些人盛夏穿凉鞋，严冬穿靴子。 Ⅴ．Daily Conversation 【答案】 56．B 57．G 58．E 59．D 60．H 【解析】 56．后面答话是讲工作，这里一定问的是“干什么的”。选项B是正确的。 57．下面回答：“对，是份好的工作”，这是紧接空白处的话。因此，这里应是对这份工的看法，不是对去过的地方的评价。选项G是正确的。 58．双方问答，说完自己该问对方了，所以，应加and。选项E是正确的。 59．学生不可能工作，但句尾有too，说明也有工作，那就应该不是全职。选项D是正确的。 60．上面说在餐馆，下面给了餐馆名，这里应是问在哪个餐馆。选项H是正确的。 【原文大意】 Jason：你在哪儿上班? Andrea：我在托马斯·库克旅行社上班。 Jason：是吗?你在那儿干什么? Andrea：导游。带团到南美的一些国家，比如说秘鲁。 Jason：听着挺不错。 Andrea：对，很好的工作，我很喜欢这份工作。你干什么呢? Jason：我是学生。不过，我在打工。 Andrea：噢!在哪儿? Jason：在快餐店。 Andrea：哪个快餐店? Jason：汉堡天堂。 Ⅵ．Writing 61．【高分作文】 Dear Rebaca, I heard from your sister that you are to be out of hospital and back with your family and friends. How wonderful it is, Rebaca ! I just couldn't tell you how all of us worry about you. We all understand that it is a hard time for you and your family. Please let us know if you need help and we'll try our best as usual. I saw Tom yesterday and he looked much better when we talked about your coming home. And your little daughter looked much prettier than last year. We all love her. Bob is so delighted to hear your fine progress. Keep it up and come back soon, Rebaca. We all feel happy for you. Love, Li Yuan
